Return a new “bytes” object which is an immutable sequence of integers in class bytes ( source = b'' ) class bytes ( source, encoding ) class bytes ( source, encoding, errors ) See also Binary Sequence Types - bytes, bytearray, memoryview and Bytearray Objects. Without an argument, an array of size 0 is created. If it is an iterable, it must be an iterable of integers in the rangeĠ <= x < 256, which are used as the initial contents of the array. If it is an object conforming to the buffer interface,Ī read-only buffer of the object will be used to initialize the bytes array. If it is an integer, the array will have that size and will be If it is a string, you must also give the encoding (and optionally,Įrrors) parameters bytearray() then converts the string to The optional source parameter can be used to initialize the array in a few Methods of mutable sequences, described in Mutable Sequence Types, as wellĪs most methods that the bytes type has, see Bytes and Bytearray Operations. Sequence of integers in the range 0 <= x < 256. class bytearray ( source = b'' ) class bytearray ( source, encoding ) class bytearray ( source, encoding, errors ) The built-in Python module timeit is optimal for testing the performance of small code snippets.New in version 3.7. One of the possible explanations for the switch from xrange() to range() is performance - but has performance actually increased? ![]() Both range() and xrange(), of course, are blazingly fast when dealing with smaller sets of data when it comes to larger numbers, however, the difference in speed becomes apparent. Performance is arguably the most important factor when we compare Technology A and Technology B. range() vs xrange() in Python: How Fast These Functions Perform Let’s explore how they compare: range() vs xrange() in Python: What These Functions ReturnĪlthough they share the same functionality, what they return is the main difference.ĭespite the fact that their output is the same, the difference in their return values is an important point to consider - it influences the way these functions perform and the ways they can be used. New language features are typically better than their predecessors, but xrange() still has the upper hand in some areas. A good example is transition from xrange() (Python 2) to range() (Python 3). Python 3 brought a number of improvements, but the reasoning behind some of these changes wasn’t so clear. Let’s visualize the most simple scenario: range(5) When a step is given, it specifies the increment (or decrement). These are exactly the valid indices for a list of 4 elements. ![]() start defaults to 0, and stop is omitted! range(4) produces 0, 1, 2, 3. Return an object that produces a sequence of integers from start (inclusive) to stop (exclusive) by step. Here’s a more technical explanation provided py the Python help() module: Naturally, you can utilize this set of numbers for various purposes: as demonstrated below, range() actually accompanies loops very well. This function can create a sequence of numbers (this is called a range object) and return it. Range() is a built-in function, meaning that Python comes prepackaged with it. (As always, the code in this article is from Python 3) So What Does range() Actually Do in Python? range()-related questions may often pop up during technical interviews - have you checked our Python interview questions yet? In this article, we’ll explore the functionality of range() and highlight its use cases - and you’ll know how to use range() in Python efficiently, appreciating both its strong sides and limitations. ![]() Having explored enumerate(), we now delve into another essential function - range(). We’re continuing to delve into the inner workings of various Python functions, modules, and libraries. Explaining and visualizing the range(0 function in Python with examples
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